Business tax

Business tax for sole traders and limited companies

Choose the right business structure, tax task and official route before using a focused calculator or guide.

Start with the way the business is legally structured. A sole trader and a limited company do not report or pay tax in the same way. Then check VAT, payroll and record-keeping obligations separately.

Choose your starting point

Working for yourself

Sole trader

You may need to tell HMRC about income from trading. Use the sole-trader calculator for a simple estimate, then check the official registration and reporting route.

Trading through a company

Limited company

A company pays Corporation Tax on taxable profits for an accounting period and must work out, pay and report the tax—it does not receive a Corporation Tax bill.

Common business tax tasks

  • Check VAT registration. Registration is generally required when taxable turnover for the last 12 months exceeds £90,000, or you expect it to exceed £90,000 in the next 30 days. Special rules can apply.
  • Employing someone. You normally need to register as an employer before the first payday, even when you are the only director of a limited company.
  • Keep business records. The records and retention rules depend on the business structure and tax.
  • Check digital-reporting scope. Use the Making Tax Digital hub to separate Income Tax and VAT requirements.

Primary sources

Sources checked 5 September 2026. Recheck by 1 December 2026.